After the oil crisis of 1973, many European countries tightened restrictions on immigrants. By then, millions of Muslims had decided to settle in Europe, preferring the social segregation and racial discrimination they found in the West to political and economic turmoil at home. Pankaj Mishra countrycrisisdecide share on social
Force-backed humanitarianism, which relies on rational influence over events in other countries, may have been a more feasible project in the bipolar era of the Cold War, with its relatively defined and stable web of alliances and proxies. Pankaj Mishra alliancebackbipolar share on social
The Dalai Lama can claim the sanction of the Buddha, who is said to have altered his teachings in order to reach a diverse audience. Pankaj Mishra alteraudiencebuddha Change image and share on social
Democracy, loudly upheld as a cure for much of the ailing world, has proved no guarantor of political wisdom, even if it remains the least bad form of government. Pankaj Mishra ailbadcure Change image and share on social
In 1853, American warships bullied Japan out of centuries of virtual isolation and into the modern world. The threat of force compelled Japan, like India and China before it, to accept trade agreements that were economically ruinous and eroded national sovereignty. Pankaj Mishra acceptagreementamerican share on social
To Westerners, the students at Tiananmen may have given an impression of a solid and energetic consensus against dictatorship and for democracy, but they were an egotistical and fractious lot, riven by disagreements over tactics and money. Pankaj Mishra consensusdemocracydictatorship share on social
Gandhi, brought out of his semirural setting and given a Western-style education, initially attempted to become more English than the English. Pankaj Mishra attemptbringeducation Change image and share on social
Many writers from the suburbs of history, such as Ireland and Argentina, produced more original work than their counterparts in the United States; they still seem to. Pankaj Mishra argentinacounterparthistory Change image and share on social
Tiananmen Square in early 1989 attracted many dreamers like Ma Jian, who returned from Hong Kong to a one-room shack in Beijing in order to join the student protests. Pankaj Mishra attractbeijingdreamer Change image and share on social
In 1919, at the Paris Peace Conference, Japan had put forward a proposal to guarantee racial equality at the League of Nations, but Woodrow Wilson overturned it in the face of majority support. Pankaj Mishra conferenceequalityface Change image and share on social